The Application of Police Discretion Authority in Fulfilling Children’s Rights Facing against the Law

Main Article Content

Endro Winarno
Muhadjir M Darwin
Warsito Utomo
Supra Wimbarti

Abstract

Police as a country agent that most strategically as a distinctive direction in children handling in facing laws. This puts the police personnel in a dilemma between the will to be responsive towards site specific needs and that of the will to make sure that they are able to make and carry out the decision correctly based on valid existing policy. This research is trying to reveal police personnel awareness in managing that dilemma, mainly in the context of understanding and tendency of addressing on the principles of protecting children with factors as a ground in making and carrying out discretional, interpretative, responsive decision in children case investigation. This study applies case study method through observation and interviews to some crime cases investigators that are involving suspected children in Sleman District Police area. This research reveals the understanding towards the principles of protecting children as a ground in addressing the decision making, has eventually not been widely possessed by police investigators. This issue is reflected on the preference domination either on the children protection principles on the handling way or that of its decision making in investigation of children cases. Bureaucratic preference and rule driven that orient to career safety assurance and career development
are rational choices that base every decision making. This condition becomes one of the factors that make the low level of competency of Bureau personnels and its low bureaucracy conduciveness on the possibility of applying the police’s discretion competency to prioritize the principles of the best interests of the child before involving the society in decision making. The research recommeds integral approach in between criminal policy and social defence policy application to support social welfare policy that implicating on the use of criminal law process as the last alternative, because it has
subsidiary function, that can be used if other alternatives lack of satesfying result. But if it must be used, it should be oriented to protection, sheltering and public service. On this context, police is able to unite two doctrins through different stress in balance, namely a strong hand of society with a soft hand of society.

Article Details

How to Cite
Winarno, E., Darwin, M. M., Utomo, W., & Wimbarti, S. (2018). The Application of Police Discretion Authority in Fulfilling Children’s Rights Facing against the Law. Jurnal Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial, 14(3), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.31105/jpks.v14i3.1324
Section
Articles

References

Abidin, Zainal, dkk. (2005). Pemidanaan, Pidana, dan Tindakan dalam Rancangan KUHP, Jakarta: ELSAM Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Masyarakat, The Asian Foundation, dan USAID.

Ancheta, Mae Fe-Templa. (2004). Understanding Children in Conflict with the Law: Contradictions on Victimisation, Survivor Behaviour and The Philippine Justice System, A Study of the Situation of Children in Conflict with the Law in Davao, Quezon City: Save the Children UK 3/F FSS Building I 89 Scout Castor Street.

Anderson, James E. (1969). Public Policy Making, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2nd ed.

Arief, Barda N, 2007, Masalah Penegakan Hukum dan Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media.

Astuti, Sri Juni Woro. (2009). Parameter Diskresi Birokratik: Studi Kasus Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dan Kabupaten Situbondo, dalam Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik, Yogyakarta: Magister Administrasi

Publik Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Brown, Michael, K. (1988). Working the Street: Police Discretion and the Dilemmas of Reform, California: Russell Sage Foundation.

Detrick, Sharon; Abel, Giles; Berger, Maartje; Delon, Aurore; and Meek, Rosie. (2008). Violence Against Children in Conflict with the Law, A Study on Indicators and Data Collection in Belgium, England and Wales,

France and the Netherlands, Amsterdam: Defence for Children International - The Netherlands.

Doek, E. Jaap. (2004). Protecting the rights of Children in Conflict with the Law, Programme and Advocacy Experiences from Member Organisations of the Inter- Agency Coordinating Panel on Juvenile Justice,

Unicef.

Dwilaksana, Chryshnanda. (2008). Diskresi Birokrasi dalam Proses Penyidikan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas, Jakarta: Polisi Republik Indonesia.

Dwiyanto, Agus, dkk. (2008). Reformasi Birokrasi Publik Di Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Press.

Dye, Thomas, R. (1987). Understanding Public Policy, Englewood Clift, N.J: Printice-Hall 2nd ed.

Egger, Sandra. (2005). Assessment om Children in Conflict with the Law/Child Justice, Report to UNICEF, Sidney: The Research Institute for Asia and the Pasific (RIAP) University of Sidney.

Hamzah, Andi. (1993). Sistem Pidana dan Pemidanaan Indonesia: dari Retribusi ke Reformasi, Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

Hardjono, Philipus M. (1997). Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Harkrisnowo. (2010). Revisi UU Perlindungan Anak Kedepankan Diversi, Jakarta: Hukumonline.com, 19 Maret 2010.

Hatt, Anne-Catherine; Melo, Eduardo; Ngugi, Lynn, Suvilaakso, Tanja; Totland, Thea; Van Der Huls, Ing-Britt; Vega, Rosana; Zug, Katja. (2008). Protecting the Rights of Children in Conflict with the Law, Research

on Alternatives to the Deprivation of Liberty in Eight Countries, Geneva: Institut Universitaire Kurt Bosch - University of Fribourg.

Hill, HC. (2003). Understanding Implementation: Street- Level Bureaucrats’ Resources for Reform, Journal of Public Administration Review and Theory, 13 (3).

Kusumaningrum, Santi, Penggunaan Diversi untuk Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum dalam Unicef. (2004). Perlindungan terhadap Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum, Manual Pelatihan untuk POLISI.

Jakarta.

Ljungman, Cecilia M., COWI. (2004). Applying a Rights- Based Approach to Development: Concepts and Principles, Conference Paper: The Winners and Losers from Rights-Based Approaches to Development.

Meuwese, Stan. (2003) Kids Behind Bars, A Study on Children in Conflict with the Law: towards Investing in Prevention, Stopping Incarceration and Meeting International Standards, An International Study on The Situation of Children in Prison with Country Reports from Albania, Argentina, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Costa Rica, Ghana, Germany, Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mauritius, The Netherlands, Palestine, Pakistan, Philippines, Romania, Spain, Tanzania, Ukraine,United Kingdom, United States of America, Amsterdam: Defence for Children International The Netherlands

Moestue, Helen. (2008). Lost in the Justice System, Children in Conflict with the Law in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, UNICEF.

Parsons, Wayne. (2006). Public Policy: Pengantar Teori dan Praktik Analisis Kebijakan, Penerjemah Tri Wibowo Budi Santoso, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada

Media Group.

Prakoso, Abintoro. (2010). Diskresi Pada Tahap Penyidikan Dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Perlindungan Hukum bagi Anak Nakal, http://prasetya.ub.ac.id.html, 12 Agustus 2010.

Rahardjo, Satjipto. (1998). Membangun Polisi Indonesia Baru: Polri dalam Era Pasca-ABRI, Semarang: Pusat Studi Kepolisian Fakultas Hukum UNDIP

Ritzer, George dan Goodman Douglas J. (2007). Teori Sosiologi Modern, Dialihbahasakan oleh Alimandan, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group: 4.

Simon, Herbert. (1947). Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organization, Free Press.

Sofian, Ahmad. (1997). Dilema Peradilan Anak, Jakarta: Waspada, 24 Juli 1997.

Sudarto. (1983). direformulasi penyusun buku Hukum Pidana dan Perkembangan Masyarakat, Bandung: Sinar Baru.

Sugandi. (1981). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Penjelasannya, Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.

Supeno, Hadi. (2009). Perlindungan Hukum Anak, Jakarta: Perspektif Baru, 5 Oktober 2009.

Tajikistan Country Statistical Team. (2006). Children In Conflict With The Law in Tajikistan, Monee Country Analytical Report, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, November 2006.

Unicef and Inter Parliamentary Union. (2007). Improving the Protection of Children in Conflict with the Law in South Asia, Regional Parliamentary Guide No 1.

Yulandari, Suciati. (2008). Hubungan antara Egosentrisme dan Kecenderungan Mencari Sensasi dengan Perilaku Agresi, Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Peraturan Acuan

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara RI.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.

Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 1990 tentang Pengesahan Convention on the Rights of the Child (Konvensi tentang Hak-Hak Anak).

United Nations, 1983, Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules) Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1983, A Compilation of International Instruments, Volume I (First Part) Universal Instruments, New York: United Nations, 1993.