URGENSI PELAYANAN HARIAN (DAY CARE) LANJUT USIA DI INDONESIA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan urgensi atau signifikansi pelayanan harian (day care) bagi lanjut usia (lansia) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan lansia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur dan dokumen dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa day care lansia pernah diterapkan di Indonesia sejak tahun 2005 dan memberikan dampak yang positif pada kesehatan fisik dan psikologis lansia. Namun pada tahun 2018 dihilangkan sejalan dengan perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan day care lansia penting diprogramkan kembali seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah lansia dan semakin banyaknya jumlah lansia produktif yang bekerja di sektor formal. Akibatnya, tidak ada yang mengasuh lansia di rumah sehingga menjadi kesepian dan bahkan telantar. Selain dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat penitipan lansia di siang hari, day care dapat menjadi pusat kegiatan yang menyenangkan sehingga lansia bisa bersosialisasi, berpartisipasi dan menerima dukungan sosial, sekaligus dapat meringankan beban pengasuh lansia dan mengefisiensikan anggaran keuangan karena jauh lebih hemat dibanding dengan biaya layanan panti. Sejalan dengan hal ini, pemerintah perlu mengubah kebijakan dengan mempertegas kembali keberadaan day care sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam layanan terhadap lansia. Untuk itu, Program Asistensi Rehabilitasi Sosial yang saat ini berlaku sebaiknya mengintegrasikan atau mengakomodasi layanan day care sebagai layanan berbasis komunitas, sekaligus untuk mengantisipasi potensi kompleksitas permasalahan akibat ledakan jumlah lansia.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Badan Pusat Statisitik. (2020). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2020. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/21/0fc023221965624a644c1111/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2020.html
Bilotta, C., Bergamaschini, L., Spreafico, S., & Vergani, C. (2010). Day care centre attendance and quality of life in depressed older adults living in the community. European Journal of Ageing, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010-0138-4
Bulsara, C., Etherton-Beer, C., & Saunders, R. (2016). Models for community based day care for older people: A narrative review. Cogent Social Sciences, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2016.1267301
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Hazan, H., Lerman, Y., & Shalom, V. (2016). Correlates and predictors of loneliness in older-adults: A review of quantitative results informed by qualitative insights. In International Psychogeriatrics (Vol. 28, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610215001532
Conrad, K. J., Hanrahan, P., & Hughes, S. L. (1990). Survey of Adult Day Care in the United States: National and Regional Findings. Research on Aging, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027590121002
Fawcett, B. (2014). Well-being and older people: The place of day clubs in reconceptualising participation and challenging deficit. British Journal of Social Work, 44(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs145
Fields, N. L., Anderson, K. A., & Dabelko-Schoeny, H. (2014). The effectiveness of adult day services for older adults: A review of the literature from 2000 to 2011. In Journal of Applied Gerontology (Vol. 33, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464812443308
Fitzpatrick, T. R., Gitelson, R. J., Andereck, K. L., & Mesbur, E. S. (2004). Social support factors and health among a senior center population in southern Ontario, Canada. In Social Work in Health Care (Vol. 40, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1300/J010v40n03_02
Fitzpatrick, T. R., McCabe, J., Gitelson, R., & Andereck, K. (2006). Factors that influence perceived social and health benefits of attendance at senior centers. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v30n01_02
Fulbright, S. A. (2010). Rates of depression and participation in senior centre activities in community-dwelling older persons. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01535.x
Hooyman, Nancy R and Kiyak, H. A. suman. (2002). Social Geronthology A Multidiciplinary Perspective (6th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Kadowaki, L., & Mahmood, A. (2018). Senior Centres in Canada and the United States: A Scoping Review. Canadian Journal on Aging, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980818000302
Pedoman Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia, Pub. L. No. Permensos, No.19 Tahun 2012 (2012). https://jdih.kemensos.go.id/pencarian/www/index.php/web/result/1011/detail
Kurniasih, D. (2016). Pembinaan Lanjut Usia Melalui Day Care Service Di Balai Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta Unit Budi Luhure. In Program Studi Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Jurusan Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Leong, O. S., Ghazali, S., Hussin, E. O. D., Lam, S. K., Japar, S., Geok, S. K., & Azmi, I. S. M. (2020). Depression among older adults in Malaysian daycare centres. British Journal of Community Nursing, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.2.84
Orellana, K., Manthorpe, J., & Tinker, A. (2020). Day centres for older people: A systematically conducted scoping review of literature about their benefits, purposes and how they are perceived. Ageing and Society, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18000843
Pickard, L. (2004). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of support and services to informal carers of older people.
Quadagno, J. S. (2011). Aging and the life course: an introduction to social gerontology. Kindle Available.
Rakhmadani, A. N., Sutria, E., & Hafid, A. M. (2019). Analisis Tingkat Kebahagiaan Pada Lansia Penerima Manfaat Dan Bukan Penerima Manfaat Program Day Care Service. Journal of Islamic Nursing, Vol.4 No.1(Juli 2019), 46–56.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No.13 Tahun 1998 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanut Usia, (1998).
Ron, P. (2007). Self-esteem among elderly people receiving care insurance at home and at day centers for the elderly. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610207004929
Subdirektorat Statistik Ketenagakerjaan. (2020). Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Indonesia Agustus 2020. BPS.
Surisma AL, A., Hasanuddin, K. A. (2020). Pengaruh Program Day Care terhadap Psikososial pada Lansia di Panti Tresna Werda Gau Mabaji (PSTW) Kabupaten Gowa. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis, Vol.15 No.(2020), 184–188.
Tester, S. (1996). Community Care for Older People, A Comparative Perspective. ST. Martin’s Press Inc.
Wiles, J. L., Leibing, A., Guberman, N., Reeve, J., & Allen, R. E. S. (2012). The meaning of “aging in place” to older people. Gerontologist, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr098
Yang, Z., Jiang, Y., Wang, M., & Zeng, H. (2020). Current status and challenges of community-based elderly care centers in chongqing, China: A cross-sectional study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S283145
Yulianti, Hos, J., & Supiyah, R. (2020). Model Pemberdayaan Melalui Program Day Care Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Sosial Lansia (Studi Kasus Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Minaula Kendari). Welvaart Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Vol.1 No.1(Juni 2020), 16–23.
Yulianti. (2018). ). Dampak Program Elderly Day Care Service Terhadap Kesejahteraan Lansia Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Dharma Bekasi. EMPATI Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Vol.7 No.2(Desember 2016), 178–188.
Zhou, Y., & Fu, J. (2019). Review of Studies on Day-Care Centers for the Elderly in Community. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 07(12). https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.712024.