BENTUK-BENTUK PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA DAN MASALAH PSIKOSOSIAL KORBAN
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Abstract
Perdagangan manusia melibatkan banyak bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia seperti eksploitasi, kerja paksa, belenggu hutang, kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Artikel ini merupakan kajian literatur yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk perdagangan manusia dalam konteks global dan Indonesia, masalah psikososial korban, serta karakteristik perdagangan manusia di Indonesia. Bentuk perdagangan manusia dapat dibedakan atas tiga bentuk, yakni berdasakan tujuan pengiriman, berdasarkan korbannya, dan berdasarkan bentuk eksploitasinya. Setiap bentuk perdagangan mempunyai karakteristik masalah psikososial tersendiri, dan membutuhkan model penanganan tersendiri. Masalah psikososial korban meliputi kehancuran identitas diri dan nilai pribadi, ketakutan, depresi, frustasi, trauma, rasa tidak berdaya, menyalahkan diri, tekanan mental serta pelabelan dan isolasi sosial. Karakteristik korban perdagangan manusia bervariasi dilihat dari usia, pendidikan, dan faktor sosial ekonomi lainnya. Untuk itu, pemerintah perlu melakukan akselerasi peningkatan program perlindungan dan rehabilitasi sosial bagi kelompok rentan dan korban yang didukung dengan sosialisasi, advokasi, dan reintegrasi. Proses ini sebaiknya dilakukan dengan menjangkau wilayah sumber (pemasok), wilayah transit, dan wilayah tujuan.
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