EFEKTIVITAS KEMITRAAN PEMERINTAH DAN SWASTA DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
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Abstract
Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu permasalahan terbesar didunia. Permasalahan tersebut membutuhkan solusi yang komprehensif. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan yaitu dengan melakukan kemitraan antara pemerintah dan swasta (public-private partnership). Pada dasarnya, kemitraan yang dilakukan antara pemerintah dan swasta berdampak pada efektivitas upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan, meskipun berbagai permasalahan dan kendala kerap ditemui dalam pelaksanaan kemitraan tersebut. Kendala yang ditemui berupa ketiadaan tujuan yang jelas maupun potensi kerugian lainnya. Artikel ini menggunakan analisis studi literatur pada jurnal, buku, maupun berita tentang efektivitas kemitraan pemerintah dan swasta terutama dalam rangka menanggulangi kemiskinan. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa kemitraan kerap dijadikan sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kemiskinan di berbagai bidang, seperti infrastruktur, pengembangan ekonomi kecil dan menengah, corporate social responsibility (CSR), dan program pemerintah di negara-negara berkembang. Mengukur efektivitas kemitraan dapat menggunakan model kemitraan yang mempunyai konteks pada pengembangan ekonomi dengan dimensi seperti tujuan dan strategi kemitraan, aktor yang terlibat, lokasi, waktu serta mekanisme kemitraan yang akan dijalankan. Dimensi lain yang dapat digunakan yaitu kesetaraan, inklusi sosial, dan pemberdayaan.
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Kata Kunci: efektivitas, kemitraan pemerintah dan swasta, penanggulangan kemiskinan
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