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Abstract
Panti asuhan, yang telah menjadi salah satu alternatif solusi bagi permasalahan kesejahteraan anak akibat kemiskinan, ketiadaan orang tua, maupun disfungsi keluarga, bagaimanapun telah menjadi ‘rumah’ dan ‘keluarga’ bagi anak-anak yang tidak beruntung selama ratusan tahun. Namun demikian, dengan perubahan zaman di abad 21, termasuk semakin kompleksnya permasalahan sosial yang dihadapi, model pengasuhan di panti asuhan juga perlu diperbaharui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi kebutuhan anak dan mengembangkan model pengasuhan anak di panti asuhan abad 21. Penelitian ini menggunakan phenomenological qualitative approach dengan metode focused group discussion (FGD). Partisipan berjumlah 34 orang (19 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan) terlibat dalam penelitian ini dengan metode convenience sampling. Data diolah dengan menggunakan thematic analysis dengan software NVivo 12 Pro Ed. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 tema besar kebutuhan anak, yaitu kebutuhan dasar; relasional-sosial; psikologis; dan pendidikan, pembentukan karakter dan prestasi. Dikaitkan dengan krisis abad 21 yang terdiri dari improvement, reconnection, rapid change, dan solution, maka diperoleh matriks model pengasuhan anak panti asuhan abad 21. Dari matriks tersebut diperoleh 16 tugas pengasuhan anak di panti asuhan abad 21 yaitu: filosofi dan spiritualitas; sikap menghargai; regulasi diri; jati diri; rekonsiliasi; kepercayaan; adaptasi; proses mentoring; rasa keberhargaan diri; belas kasih; komitmen; resiliensi; integritas dan tanggung jawab; kolaborasi; spirit of excellence; dan inovasi.
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Kata kunci: panti asuhan, LKSA, kebutuhan anak, abad 21, model pengasuhan.
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